Uloliwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu osebenza e-Shanghai nguloliwe we-TR08 we-maglev osuka eJamani, osebenzisa imotor enestator ende yelinear synchronous motor kunye ne-conduction levitation system engatshintshiyo. Inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla okutsalwa kwayo iboniswe kuMzobo 1, kwaye iqulethe amacandelo aphambili afana ne-high-voltage transformer (110kv/20kv), i-input transformer, i-input converter, i-inverter, kunye ne-output transformer.
Inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla kaloliwe we-maglev iguqulwa ukusuka kumbane wegridi we-110kv ukuya kwi-20kv nge-high-voltage transformer, ize iguqulelwe kumbane wombane we-DC oyi-±2500v sisiguquli esifakayo kunye nesiguquli esifakayo. Amandla ombane e-DC asuka kwikhonkco le-DC aguqulwa abe ngamanqanaba amathathu e-AC amandla ane-frequency frequency (0~300Hz), i-amplitude eguquguqukayo (0 ~ × 4.3kv), kunye ne-angle yesigaba esilungelelanisiweyo (0~360 °) ngesigaba sesithathu. -inverter yamanqaku.Isiguquli sokutsalwa sikaloliwe we-maglev sineendlela ezimbini zokusebenza:
(1) Imowudi yokuphuma ngokuthe ngqo kwe-inverter pulse wide modulation yimowudi yokuphuma xa i-motor isebenza kwi-frequency ephantsi, kunye ne-frequency switching ye-0 ~ 70Hz. Ngeli xesha, iiseti ezimbini ze-inverters zamanqaku amathathu zixhunywe ngokufanayo, kwaye imveliso idibaniswe nge-primary winding ye-transformer output njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 1. Ngeli xesha, i-primary winding ye-transformer output ilingana ne-a. parallel balancing reactor, kwaye ikwadlala indima yokucoca.
(2) Imowudi yokuphuma kweTransformer yindlela yokuphuma xa i-motor isebenza kwi-frequency ephezulu, kunye ne-frequency switching ye-30Hz ~ 300Hz. Ngeli xesha, iiseti ezimbini ze-inverters kwi-converter ye-traction engundoqo idityaniswe kuluhlu ukuya kwicala eliphambili le-outformer ye-output, kwaye imveliso iphuma emva kokuba isiguquli esiphumayo sinyuse i-voltage.
Isiguquli se-EFD Isiguquli se-EI Isiguquli sePQ
3.1 Input converter
Isigaba sangaphambili somguquli wegalelo siqukethe i-high-voltage transformer kunye ne-input transformer. I-transformer yegalelo iqulethe iinguqu ezimbini zokulungisa, umsebenzi wayo kukunciphisa i-voltage yegridi ephezulu ye-voltage ngokusebenzisa i-transformer yesibini kwaye emva koko uyithumele kwi-converter yegalelo. Kwiinguqu ezinkulu ze-high-voltage rectifier, ukwenzela ukuphucula ukulungiswa kokulungiswa, iiseti ezimbini ze-6-pulse rectifier bridges zisetyenziswa. Iseti nganye yeziguquli zokulungisa inikwe amandla ziiseti ezibini zamajiko-jiko ezigaba ezithathu, isidibaniso esingu-y kunye nesidibaniso esinye. Inkqubo yokuguqula i-static ithatha isicwangciso sesithathu-isigaba esisodwa se-3-winding transformers, edityaniswe ukwenza i-y / y, i-d yeqela le-skimu ye-rectifier ye-transformer eboniswe kwi-Figure 2 ngodibaniso olumiselweyo lwe-winging nganye. Iingenelo zayo eziphambili zezi:
(1) Umthamo omncinci wogcino, unoqoqosho ngakumbi;
(2) Umthamo omnye omncinci, kulula ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zothutho zobukhulu besixhobo;
(3) I-windings emithathu inokulungiswa kwikholamu enye engundoqo, enceda ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-harmonic ye-transformer.
Ukuze kulawulwe i-DC yekhonkco yombane wesekethe ephakathi kunye nokunciphisa i-excitation yecala legridi, i-rectifier nganye yenkqubo yenziwe nge-six-pulse three-grade rectifier bridge elawulwa ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-six-pulse ezintathu-isigaba sesithathu ibhulorho engalawulwayo yokubuyisela. kuthotho, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2. Ngale ndlela, iiseti ezimbini zokulungisa zidityanisiwe kuthotho, kwaye indawo ephakathi isekelwe ngokuchasana okuphezulu (njengoko kubonisiwe kuMzobo 1), ukwenza ikhonkco le-DC elinokubakho kathathu eliphakathi. . I-voltage yekhonkco ye-DC iyalawuleka, ukusuka kwi-2 × 1500V ukuya kwi-2 × 2500V, kwaye i-current rated yi-3200A. Ukuze ufumane i-DC yangoku egudileyo, i-reactor egudileyo idityaniswe kuthotho kwisekethe ephakathi. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze kuthintelwe ibhulorho yokulungisa kunye nekhonkco le-DC kwi-overvoltage, ukhuseleko lwe-DC side overvoltage luyamkelwa. Kwi-DC link yesekethe ephakathi, kukho i-thyristors kunye ne-high-power resistors kunye nokhuseleko lokukhupha njengezixhobo zokufunxa kwicala le-DC ukucinezela ukugqithisa. Ukongezelela, indawo ephakathi yekhonkco ye-DC yesiphaluka esiphakathi isekelwe ngokukhuseleka okuphezulu kwaye inombonakaliso wephutha lomhlaba.
3.2 Isiguquli sokutsala
(1) Ubume be-inverter
Isakhiwo sesigaba esisodwa kwi-inverter yesigaba sesithathu se-Shanghai Maglev Train iboniswe kuMzobo 3. I-tube ephambili ithatha isixhobo sokulawula ngokupheleleyo i-GTO. Isekethe ephambili ithatha iibhubhu ezimbini eziphambili kuthotho kunye ne-clamping diode kwindawo ephakathi. Le sekethe ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-inverter yamanqaku amathathu (okanye inqanaba lesithathu le-midpoint embedded). Oku kunokunciphisa ityhubhu ephambili yokumelana nombane ngesiqingatha. Kwangaxeshanye, phantsi kwenkqubo yokutshintsha okufanayo kunye nemo yokulawula, i-harmonics ye-voltage ephumayo okanye yangoku ingaphantsi kuneyamanqanaba amabini, kwaye i-voltage yemowudi eqhelekileyo eveliswa ngumbane ophumayo ekupheleni kwemoto nayo ingaphantsi. , enenzuzo yokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yemoto.
Iityhubhu ezine eziphambili zengalo yebhulorho yesigaba ngasinye zinemidibaniso emithathu eyahlukeneyo yokuphuma, kunye neziphumo ezahlukeneyo zombane ngokulandelelanayo (jonga iTheyibhile 1). I-voltage ephezulu ye-GTO engundoqo yi-4.5kV, kwaye i-peak current yi-4.3ka. I-inverter yamanqaku amathathu idinga ukuba i-V1 ephambili kunye ne-V4 ayinakuvulwa ngexesha elifanayo, kwaye ii-pulses zokulawula i-V1 kunye ne-V3, i-V2 kunye ne-V4 zichasene. Ukongeza, olu tshintsho luphambili lungentla kufuneka luhambelane nomgaqo wokuphuma kuqala kwaye emva koko.
I-inverter yamanqanaba amathathu iphuhliswa ngesiseko se-inverter yamanqanaba amabini. Ukuqaliswa kweteknoloji yolawulo oluvuthiweyo lwe-inverter yamanqanaba amabini kwi-inverter yamanqanaba amathathu yenze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula inverter. Okwangoku, amacebo okulawula aqolileyo asetyenziselwa ii-inverters ezikumgangatho wesithathu zezi: indlela yokulawula ipulse enye, indlela yokulawula i-SPWM ephezulu kunye nesezantsi eyombini, indlela yokulawula i-PWM ye-120 °, indlela yokulawula ye-PWM ye-90 °, indlela yokulawula i-PWM engathathi hlangothi Indlela yokulawula i-PWM yokucinezela, ukutshintshela indlela yokulawula i-PWM rhoqo, indlela ethile yokuphelisa i-harmonic ephantsi (i-SHEPWM), indlela yokulawula i-vector ye-voltage enemigangatho emithathu (i-SVPWM) kunye neendawo ezingathathi hlangothi zokutenxa indlela yokulawula indawo yombane [2,3] ].
(2) GTO drive circuit
I-High-power GTO drive circuit kufuneka iqale isombulule iingxaki zokuzihlukanisa kunye nokuchasana nokuphazamiseka. I-trigger pulse signal ye-GTO kwi-inverter ye-traction engundoqo ye-Shanghai Maglev Train ihanjiswa ngentambo ye-fiber optical, ngoko ke iingxaki zokuzihlukanisa kunye nokuchasana nokuphazamiseka zisonjululwa, ngaloo ndlela ziqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwe-GTO ibangela i-pulse kunye nokuqinisekisa ngokungathanga ngqo ukhuseleko lokuqhuba kwe-Maglev. Uloliwe. Ukongeza, isitshixo sokuba i-high-power GTO drive circuit inokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo ilele kunikezelo lwamandla. I-amplitude ye-GTO gate trigger pulse kufuneka ibephezulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye umgca wayo okhokelayo kufuneka ube ngumnqantsa, ngelixa umgca wokulandela kufuneka ube mnene. Ukuhlangabezana nale mfuneko, isango lokuqhuba amandla ombane we-GTO kwi-inverter ye-traction engundoqo ye-Maglev Train yi-45V / 27A, kunye ne-trailing edge signal kunye ne-voltage signal ye-GTO trigger pulse ithunyelwa emva kwinkqubo yokulawula. Ukongeza, i-inverter ye-traction ephambili ye-Shanghai Maglev Train ithatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela: ukukhuselwa kwe-overvoltage ye-breaker circuit breaker, i-overcurrent yokukhusela umda wangoku, ukuphazamiseka kwe-pulse kunye nokufumanisa impazamo yomhlaba.
(3) Isekethe yokufunxa
Zininzi iisekethe zokufunxa ze-GTO. Isekethe yokufunxa ye-inverter engundoqo yomgangatho wesithathu we-Shanghai Maglev Train iboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Umjikelo wokufunxa kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba i-di/dt kunye ne-du/dt ye-GTO ayigqithi kumaxabiso achaziweyo avumelekileyo xa ukusebenza. Ngale ndlela, i-circuit absorption ye-GTO kufuneka ibe ne-inductor kunye ne-capacitor C. Kwi-Figure 3, i-inductors L1, i-L2 kunye ne-GTO ixhunyiwe kwi-series ukukhawulela i-di / dt ye-GTO. I-diodes i-D11, i-D12, i-resistor R1 kunye ne-inductor L1 yenza isiphaluka sokukhululwa kwamandla kwi-inductor ngokwayo. I-capacitors i-C11 kunye ne-C12 isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-du / dt ye-GTO, kwaye i-diodes i-D12 kunye ne-D13 zenza isiphaluka sokukhululwa kwamandla kwi-capacitor. Xa kuthelekiswa nesekethe ye-RCD yokufunxa, isiphaluka sokufunxa ngasentla songeza i-capacitor C12 enkulu, ngoko ke i-capacitor ye-C11 yokucima i-capacitor isiqingatha sexabiso le-capacitance ye-RCD yokufunxa isiphaluka, ngoko ke ilahleko nayo iyancipha ngesiqingatha; ngelo xesha, i-capacitor C12 idlala indima ye-voltage clamping, esetyenziselwa ukucinezela i-overvoltage yokucima i-GTO. Kwi-inverter ye-1500kva, ilahleko yale sekethi yokufunxa iphantse ifane naleyo yesekethe yokufunxa asymmetric.
Uhlobo lwe-ER Transformer Ukudibanisa uhlobo lwe-transformer 5V-36V Ferrite Core Transformer
4 Isiphelo
Inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla kaloliwe waseShanghai onesantya esiphezulu semagnethi inezi mpawu zilandelayo:
(1) Yamkela isantya esiphezulu semoto ehambelanayo eqhelekileyo. Yonke inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla ombane ibekwe emhlabeni kwaye ayikhawulelwanga yisithuba somzimba wesithuthi, esihambelana neyona ndlela isebenzayo yamanyathelo amathathu ombane;
(2) Yamkela inqaku elingathathi hlangothi libambe iteknoloji yoguqulo lwamanqanaba amathathu afanelekileyo kwizihlandlo eziphezulu zevoltage kunye namandla aphezulu, ukuphepha unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo lwe-GTO thyristors, ukuze umthamo wezixhobo zombane zamandla aphezulu zisetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo;
(3) Iiseti ezimbini zeebhulorho ezihlengahlengiswayo ze-12-pulse rectifier zisetyenziswa kwi-input converter, enganciphisi kuphela i-harmonics kunye nokuphazamiseka, kodwa iphinda icinezele ukuphambuka kwe-midpoint yamandla;
(4) I-Thyristors kunye ne-GTOs zisebenzisa iintambo ze-fiber optical ukuhambisa iimpawu ze-pulse, ezinomsebenzi ophezulu wokuchasana nokuphazamiseka. Unikezelo lwamandla kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ukutsalwa yenye yezitshixo zokulawula ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuzinzileyo koololiwe be-maglev. Umgaqo wayo kunye nolwakhiwo lufuna uphando olongezelelweyo kunye nohlalutyo.
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Ixesha lokuposa: May-30-2024