Ukutshintsha umgaqo wokwakheka kobonelelo lwamandla + uhlalutyo lwedayagramu yesekethe (Icandelo 2)

(A) Umgaqo-siseko wokwakhiwa kombane wokutshintsha

1.1 Isekethe yegalelo

Umjikelo wokucoca umgca, isekethe yoxinzelelo lwangoku, isekethe yokulungisa.
Umsebenzi: Guqula igalelo legridi ye-AC unikezelo lwamandla kwi-DC igalelo lombane lonikezelo lombane olutshintshayo oluhlangabezana neemfuno.
1.1.1 Umjikelo wokucoca umgca
Ukucinezela i-harmonics kunye nengxolo
1.1.2 Isekethe yesihluzo sotyando
Cinezela ukunyuka kwangoku kwigridi
1.1.3 Umlungisi wesekethe
Guqula i-AC ibe yi-DC
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini: uhlobo lokufakwa kwe-capacitor kunye nohlobo lokufakwa kwekhoyili ye-coil. Uninzi lokubonelela ngombane okutshintshayo zezangaphambili

1.2 Isekethe yoguqulo

Iqulethe isekethe yokutshintsha, i-output isolation (i-converter) isiphaluka, njlukutshintsha unikezelo lwamandlaukuguqulwa, kwaye igqibezela ukumodareyitha kokunqunqa kunye nemveliso yonikezelo lwamandla ombane ngamandla.
Ukutshintsha ityhubhu yamandla kule nqanaba sisixhobo sayo esingundoqo.

1.2.1 Ukutshintsha isekethe
Imowudi yokuqhuba: u-self-excited, ngaphandle kwemincili
Ukuguqulwa kwesekethe: eyedwa, engekho yodwa, i-resonant
Izixhobo zamandla: Ezona zisetyenziswa zixhaphakileyo yi-GTR, MOSFET, IGBT
Imowudi yokumodareyitha: PWM, PFM, kunye nehybrid. IPWM yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu.
1.2.2 Imveliso yokuguqula
Yahlulwe ibe yi-shaft-free kunye ne-shaft-kunye. Akukho shaft efunekayo ukulungiswa kwesiqingatha-amaza kunye nokulungiswa ngokuphindwe kabini. I-Shaft iyafuneka kwi-full-wave.

1.3 Ulawulo lwesekethe

Ukubonelela ngee-pulses zoxande ezimodyulisiweyo kwisekethe yokuqhuba ukulungelelanisa i-voltage ephumayo.

Isekethe yeReferensi: Ukubonelela ngereferensi yombane. Njengereferensi efanayo LM358, AD589, uthotho lwereferensi AD581, REF192, njl.

Isampulu yesekethe: Thatha yonke okanye inxalenye yombane ophumayo.

Ukwandisa uthelekiso: Thelekisa umqondiso wesampulu kunye nomqondiso wesalathiso ukuvelisa isignali yempazamo yokulawula umbane wesekethe ye-PM.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-V / F: Guqula umqondiso we-voltage yempazamo ibe ngumqondiso wefrikhwensi.

I-oscillator: Veza i-oscillation yamaza e-high-frequency

Isiseko sesekethe yokuqhuba: Guqula isignali ye-oscillation emoduliweyo ibe ngumqondiso ofanelekileyo wokulawula ukuqhuba isiseko sombhobho wokutshintsha.

1.4 Iziphumo zesekethe

Ukulungiswa kunye nokuhluzwa
Lungisa umbane ophumayo ube yi-pulsating DC kwaye uyigudise ibe yi-low-ripple DC voltage. Itekhnoloji yokulungiswa kwemveliso ngoku inesiqingatha samaza, iliza elipheleleyo, amandla angaguqukiyo, ukuphindwa kabini kwangoku, ulungelelwaniso kunye nezinye iindlela zokulungisa.

(B) Uhlalutyo lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla endalo

2.1 Isiguquli se Buck
Buck circuit: Buck chopper, igalelo kunye nemveliso polarity ziyafana.
Ekubeni imveliso ye-volt-yesibini yentlawulo ye-inductor kunye nokukhutshwa ilingana kwimeko ezinzileyo, igalelo lombane we-Ui, i-voltage ye-output Uo; ke ngoko:
(Ui-Uo)ton=Uotoff
Uiton-Uoton=Uo*toff
Ui*ton=Uo(ton+toff)
Uo/Ui=itoni/(itoni+toff)=▲
Oko kukuthi, igalelo kunye nobudlelwane bombane wemveliso yile:
Uo/Ui=▲ (umjikelo womsebenzi)

I-topology yesekethe ye-Buck

Xa umtshintshi uvuliwe, amandla okufakelwa ahluzwa yi-L inductor kunye ne-C capacitor ukubonelela ngoku ukuya ekupheleni komthwalo; xa utshintsho lucinyiwe, i-inductor ye-L iyaqhubeka nokuhamba nge-diode ukugcina umthwalo wangoku uqhubekayo. I-voltage ephumayo ayiyi kudlula igalelo lamandla ombane ngenxa yomjikelezo womsebenzi.

2.2 Yandisa isiguquli
I-Boost circuit: i-chopper yokunyusa, igalelo kunye nemveliso ye-polarity iyafana.
Ukusebenzisa indlela efanayo, ngokomgaqo wokuba ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha imveliso ye-volt-yesibini ye-inductor L ilingana nesimo esizinzileyo, ubudlelwane be-voltage bunokufumaneka: Uo/Ui=1/(1-▲）

Ukunyusa itopology yesekethe

I-tube yokutshintsha i-Q1 kunye nomthwalo wale sekethi ixhunyiwe ngokufanayo. Xa ityhubhu yokutshintsha ivuliwe, i-current idlula kwi-inductor L1 ukuze iqhube i-wave, kwaye umbane wombane uhlawula i-inductor L1. Xa ityhubhu yokutshintsha icinyiwe, i-inductor L ikhupha kumthwalo kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla, kwaye i-voltage ephumayo iya kuba yi-voltage input Ui + UL, ngoko inomphumela wokunyusa.

2.3 I-Flyback Converter

I-Buck-Boost Circuit: I-Boost / Buck Chopper, igalelo kunye nemveliso ye-polarity ichasene, kwaye i-inductor ihanjiswa.
Ubudlelwane bombane: Uo/Ui=-▲/(1-▲）

I-Buck-Boost yeSekethe yeToloji

Xa i-S ivuliwe, unikezelo lwamandla omthwalo lubiza kuphela i-inductor. Xa i-S icinyiwe, unikezelo lwamandla lukhutshwa kumthwalo nge-inductor ukufezekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla.
Ke ngoko, i-L inductor apha sisixhobo sokuhambisa amandla.

(C) Iinkalo zesicelo

Ukutshintshela umbane wesekethe ineengenelo zokusebenza okuphezulu, ubungakanani obuncinci, ubunzima bokukhanya, kunye nombane ozinzileyo wokuphuma, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano, iikhompyuter, i-automation yemizi-mveliso, izixhobo zasekhaya kunye nezinye iindawo. Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimi yekhompyutheni, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okutshintsha kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo yokunikezelwa kwamandla ekhompyutheni, enokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwezixhobo zekhompyutha; kwintsimi yamandla amatsha, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okutshintsha kwakhona kudlala indima ebalulekileyo njengesixhobo esinokuguqula amandla ngokuzinzileyo.

Ngamafutshane, ukutshintshela umbane wesekethe yisekethe esebenzayo kwaye ethembekileyo yokuguqula amandla. Umgaqo wayo wokusebenza kukuguqula igalelo lamandla ombane kwimveliso yamandla e-DC ezinzileyo nethembekileyo ngokuguqulwa kokutshintsha okuqhelekileyo kunye nokucoca.